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The former diesel engines used mechanical
diesel nozzles, which work by controlling the precise couple (needle valve,
needle valve body). Now the fuel injection nozzle for motorcycles and
automobiles is actually a simple solenoid valve. When the solenoid coil is
powered on, it will generate suction, the needle valve will be sucked up, the
injection hole will be opened, and the fuel will be ejected at high speed
through the annular gap between the needle and the injection hole at the head
of the needle valve, forming a fog, which is conducive to combustion and
charging.
电压驱动是指驱动喷油器喷油的电脉冲电压是恒定的，这种喷油器又可分为高阻抗型和低阻抗型两种，低阻抗型喷油器是用5—6V的电压驱动，电磁线圈的电阻较小，为3--4Ω，不能直接和12V电源连接，否则会烧坏电磁线圈，高阻抗型喷油器是用12V电压驱动，电磁线圈电阻较大，为12--16Ω，由一个阀针上下运动来控制阀的开闭。
当ECU下达喷油指令时，其电压讯号会使电流流经喷油嘴内的线圈，产生磁场来把阀针吸起，让阀门开启好使油料能自喷油孔喷出。
喷油嘴的工作好坏，决定着发动机的性能。由于燃油不洁导致喷油嘴部分堵塞，会使缸内积炭严重；缸筒、活塞环加速磨损，造成怠速不稳，油耗上升，加速无力，起动困难及排放超标，严重的会彻底堵塞喷油嘴，损坏发动机。
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